Feb 29, 2024NewsroomThreat Intelligence / Cyber Threat

Cybersecurity researchers have disclosed a new attack technique called Silver SAML that can be successful even in cases where mitigations have been applied against Golden SAML attacks.

Silver SAML “enables the exploitation of SAML to launch attacks from an identity provider like Entra ID against applications configured to use it for authentication, such as Salesforce,” Semperis researchers Tomer Nahum and Eric Woodruff said in a report shared with The Hacker News.

Golden SAML (short for Security Assertion Markup Language) was first documented by CyberArk in 2017. The attack vector, in a nutshell, entails the abuse of the interoperable authentication standard to impersonate almost any identity in an organization.

It’s also similar to the Golden Ticket attack in that it grants attackers the ability to gain unauthorized access to any service in a federation with any privileges and to stay persistent in this environment in a stealthy manner.

“Golden SAML introduces to a federation the advantages that golden ticket offers in a Kerberos environment – from gaining any type of access to stealthily maintaining persistency,” security researcher Shaked Reiner noted at the time.

Real-world attacks leveraging the method have been rare, the first recorded use being the compromise of SolarWinds infrastructure to gain administrative access by forging SAML tokens using compromised SAML token signing certificates.

Golden SAML has also been weaponized by an Iranian threat actor codenamed Peach Sandstorm in a March 2023 intrusion to access an unnamed target’s cloud resources sans requiring any password, Microsoft revealed in September 2023.

The latest approach is a spin on Golden SAML that works with an identity provider (IdP) like Microsoft Entra ID (formerly Azure Active Directory) and doesn’t require access to the Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS). It has been assessed as a moderate-severity threat to organizations.

“Within Entra ID, Microsoft provides a self-signed certificate for SAML response signing,” the researchers said. “Alternatively, organizations can choose to use an externally generated certificate such as those from Okta. However, that option introduces a security risk.”

“Any attacker that obtains the private key of an externally generated certificate can forge any SAML response they want and sign that response with the same private key that Entra ID holds. With this type of forged SAML response, the attacker can then access the application — as any user.”

Following responsible disclosure to Microsoft on January 2, 2024, the company said the issue does not meet its bar for immediate servicing, but noted it will take appropriate action as needed to safeguard customers.

While there is no evidence that Silver SAML has been exploited in the wild, organizations are required to use only Entra ID self-signed certificates for SAML signing purposes. Semperis has also made available a proof-of-concept (PoC) dubbed SilverSAMLForger to create custom SAML responses.

“Organizations can monitor Entra ID audit logs for changes to PreferredTokenSigningKeyThumbprint under ApplicationManagement,” the researchers said.

“You will need to correlate those events to Add service principal credential events that relate to the service principal. The rotation of expired certificates is a common process, so you will need to determine whether the audit events are legitimate. Implementing change control processes to document the rotation can help to minimize confusion during rotation events.”

Jan 08, 2024NewsroomMalware / Cybercrime

Threat actors operating under the name Anonymous Arabic have released a remote access trojan (RAT) called Silver RAT that’s equipped to bypass security software and stealthily launch hidden applications.

“The developers operate on multiple hacker forums and social media platforms, showcasing an active and sophisticated presence,” cybersecurity firm Cyfirma said in a report published last week.

The actors, assessed to be of Syrian origin and linked to the development of another RAT known as S500 RAT, also run a Telegram channel offering various services such as the distribution of cracked RATs, leaked databases, carding activities, and the sale of Facebook and X (formerly Twitter) bots.

The social media bots are then utilized by other cyber criminals to promote various illicit services by automatically engaging with and commenting on user content.

In-the-wild detections of Silver RAT v1.0 were first observed in November 2023, although the threat actor’s plans to release the trojan were first made official a year before. It was cracked and leaked on Telegram around October 2023.

The C#-based malware boasts of a wide range of features to connect to a command-and-control (C2) server, log keystrokes, destroy system restore points, and even encrypt data using ransomware. There are also indications that an Android version is in the works.

“While generating a payload using Silver RAT’s builder, threat actors can select various options with a payload size up to a maximum of 50kb,” the company noted. “Once connected, the victim appears on the attacker-controlled Silver RAT panel, which displays the logs from the victim based on the functionalities chosen.”

An interesting evasion feature built into Silver RAT is its ability to delay the execution of the payload by a specific time as well as covertly launch apps and take control of the compromised host.

Further analysis of the malware author’s online footprint shows that one of the members of the group is likely in their mid-20s and based in Damascus.

“The developer […] appears supportive of Palestine based on their Telegram posts, and members associated with this group are active across various arenas, including social media, development platforms, underground forums, and Clearnet websites, suggesting their involvement in distributing various malware,” Cyfirma said.